Zvishandiso zvinodzoreredza moto chinhu chisingachinji pamoto chinomira 1000°C Marimi.

 

Munguva iyo kuchengetedza moto kwakakosha, zvinhu zvinomisa moto kuita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza hupenyu, zvivakwa, uye zvivakwa kubva kune zvinoparadza zvinokonzerwa nemoto. Zvishandiso zvinodzivirira moto zvinhu zvakagadzirirwa kudzikamisa kana kumisa kupararira kwemoto, nepo zvinhu zvisingadziviriri moto zvinogadzirwa kuti zvichengetedze hunhu hwazvo kunyangwe zvikaiswa mukupisa kwakanyanya. Musiyano wakakosha: zvinodzoreredza zvinotarisa kunonoka kudzima uye kupisa, nepo zvinhu zvinodzivirira zvinotsungirira kuratidzwa kwenguva refu pasina kushatisa kukuru. Ichi chinyorwa chinotarisa muzvinhu zvinodzivirira moto uye zvinodzivirira zvinokwanisa kutsungirira tembiricha inosvika 1000 ° C, chikumbaridzo chinomiririra mamiriro emoto anopisa anowanzo sangana nenjodzi dzemuindasitiri, moto wekuvaka, kana zvikumbiro zvemuchadenga.

Kudiwa kwezvinhu zvakadaro kwakakura zvakanyanya nekukura kwemaguta uye maindasitiri. Maererano nehuwandu hwemoto wepasi rose, moto unokonzera mabhiriyoni ekukuvadza gore negore, zvichisimbisa kukosha kwezvigadzirwa zvepamusoro mukuvaka, kutakura, uye kugadzira. Zvishandiso zvinokwanisa kubata 1000 ° C murazvo hazvingodzivisi kukurumidza kupararira kwemoto asiwo zvinopa nguva yakaoma yekubuda uye kudzima moto. Semuyenzaniso, kongiri yakasimbiswa inogona kushingirira kusvika 1000°C kweanenge maminetsi makumi matanhatu isati yarasa simba, ukuwo zvigadzirwa zve ceramic necompositi zvichisundira miganhu iyi mberi. Uku kugona kunowanikwa kuburikidza neakaomesesa emakemikari uye emuviri maitiro anotora kupisa, anoumba zvipingamupinyi zvinodzivirira, kana kuburitsa asingabatike magasi.

Sezvo isu tichiongorora nhoroondo, mhando, michina, chaiyo-yepamusoro-tembiricha mienzaniso, maapplication, chiyero chekuyedza, zvakanakira, zvakaipira, uye mafambiro emangwana ezvishandiso izvi, zvinova pachena kuti zvinomiririra musanganiswa wesainzi, engineering, uye hunyanzvi. Kubva pakushandiswa kwechinyakare kwemamineral wool kusvika kune yazvino nanotechnology-yakaiswa macomposites, zvinhu zvinodzivirira moto zvinoramba zvichishanduka, zvichipa tariro yenzvimbo dzakachengeteka munyika iri kuramba ichipisa moto.

Nhoroondo ye Moto Retardant Materials

Kutsvakwa kwezvinhu zvisingatsvi kwakatangira vanhu vekare. Vanhu vekare vakawana kuti zvimwe zvinhu zvakasikwa, sevhu nedombo, zvaigona kumira kupisa zviri nani pane huni kana jira. MuRoma yekare, vavaki vaishandisa pozzolana—dota rinoputika—kugadzira kongiri yairatidza zvinhu zvokutanga zvisingatsvi. Pakazosvika Middle Ages, vezve alchemist vakaedza mishonga yemakemikari, yakadai sekunyura machira mualum kana borax kuderedza kupisa.

Kuchinja kwemaindasitiri kwakaratidzira chinjo huru. Moto Mukuru weLondon muna 1666 wakasimbisa kudiwa kwezvinhu zviri nani, zvichiita kuti pave nemitemo yaifarira zvidhinha nematombo pane matanda. Muzana ramakore rechi 19, asbestos yakabuda sechinhu “chishamiso” chisingapindire moto, chinoshandiswa mukudzivirira uye zvipfeko nekuda kwekugona kurwisa tembiricha inodarika 1000°C. Zvisinei, ngozi dzayo dzehutano dzakakonzera kurambidzwa munyika dzakawanda pakupera kwezana remakore rechi20.

Zana remakore rechi20 rakaona kufambira mberi kunokurumidza. Munguva yeHondo Yenyika II, kuvandudzwa kwehalogen-based flame retardants yekushandiswa kwechiuto kwakashandura mapolymers nemachira. Mushure mehondo, zvinhu zvakaita semabhodhi egypsum uye mvere dzemaminerari zvakava zvinhu zvakakosha mukuvaka zvivakwa. Dambudziko remafuta ra1970s rakakurudzira tsvakiridzo mukudzivirira-simba-simba iro raive zvakare-rakachengeteka pamoto, zvichitungamira kune inorganic retardants sealuminium hydroxide.

Mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, kunetseka kwezvakatipoteredza kwakakonzera hunyanzvi. Chikamu chekubuda chezvinokuvadza brominated compounds muma2000s chakakurudzira kukwira kwephosphorus uye nitrogen-based alternatives. Nhasi, bio-based uye nano-engineered zvinhu zvinomiririra kuchekwa, kuvaka pamazana emakore ekufambira mberi kugadzira zvinhu zvisingadzore moto chete asiwo zvinoshingirira kupisa kwakanyanya.

 

Mhando dzeZvinhu Zvisingadzoreki Moto

Zvishandiso zvinodzikisira moto zvinogona kukamurwa zvakanyanya zvichienderana nekuumbwa kwavo uye maitiro ekuita. Izvi zvinosanganisira inorganic, organic, intumescent, uye hybrid marudzi, imwe neimwe inokodzera kune chaiwo mashandisirwo.

Inorganic flame retardants ndeimwe yeakajairika uye anoshanda kune yakakwirira-tembiricha kuramba. Zvicherwa zvakaita sealuminium hydroxide (ATH) uye magnesium hydroxide (MDH) inoora endothermically, inotora kupisa uye inoburitsa mhute yemvura kuti itonhodze zvinhu. Mishonga yeBoron, yakadai seborax uye boric acid, inoumba magirazi anovharira okisijeni. Tsvuku phosphorus uye boron derivatives inoshandiswa mumapurasitiki, inopa kugadzikana kusvika kune yakakwirira tembiricha.

Halogenated retardants, kusanganisira bromine uye chlorine-based compounds, aimbove akatonga asi ari kubviswa nekuda kwehupfu. Ivo vanoshanda muchikamu chegasi nekuvhiringidza radical chain reactions panguva yekupisa. Pasinei nekunetseka kwezvakatipoteredza, ivo vanoramba vari mu niche kunyorera uko kushanda kwakanyanya kunodiwa.

Nitrogen-based retardants, senge melamine, inokurudzira kuumbwa kwechar uye kuburitsa magasi asingabatike. Iwo eco-hushamwari uye anowanzo kusanganiswa ne phosphorus ye synergy, sezvinoonekwa mune intumescent masisitimu.

Intumescent coatings inokura kana ichipisa, ichigadzira furo-senge char inodzivirira substrate. Izvi zvakanakira zvivakwa zvesimbi, zvinodzivirira kubva kune tembiricha inopfuura 1000 ° C nekugadzira chinovharira chinopisa.

Machira asingadzoreki mumoto anosanganisira shinda dzechisikigo semvere dzemakwai, hemp, uye sirika, izvo zvinopisa kwete kunyungudika. Synthetic shanduro, senge modacrylic kana aramid (semuenzaniso, Nomex), inorapwa kana kugadzirwa kuti irambe. Pamamiriro ezvinhu akanyanyisa, machira eceramic kana silica-based textiles anomira kusvika 1300°C.

Zvivakwa zvekuvaka senge gypsum board, kongiri, uye zvidhinha zvinopa kuramba. Gypsum inoburitsa mvura kana ichipisa, nepo kongiri yakaunganidzwa inosimudzira kusimba. Macomposites epamberi, anosanganisira kabhoni fibers kana aerogels, anopa huremu asi hwakasimba sarudzo dzemuchadenga.

Mhando yega yega inoyera mutengo, kuita, uye kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza, nemahybrids achibatanidza nzira dzakawanda dzekudzivirira kwepamusoro.

 

Nzira dzeMoto Retardancy

Kubudirira kwezvinhu zvinodzivirira moto kunogara mumagadzirirwo azvo epasi, ayo anoshanda muchikamu chakapfupikiswa, gasi chikamu, kana zvese zviri zviviri.

Muchikamu chakakomberedzwa, zvinhu zvinogadzira char layer yekudzivirira iyo inoshanda sechipingamupinyi pakupisa uye oxygen. Semuyenzaniso, macompounds ephosphorous anokurudzira kuyambuka-mumapolymers, achigadzira masara ekabhoni anodzivirira zvinhu zviri pasi. Intumescent masisitimu anokura zvakanyanya, achiwedzera vhoriyamu kusvika ka100 kuumba furo rakaderera-density.

Gas-phase michina inosanganisira kukanganisa kutenderera kwekupisa. MaHalogens anoburitsa radicals anodzima mhando dzinoparadzira moto senge hydroxyl uye hydrogen radicals, zvinobudirira kuziya nenzara yehuni. Nitrogen retardants inoderedza magasi anopfuta neinert ammonia kana nitrogen.

Endothermic kuora ndeimwe nzira yakakosha. Inorganic hydrates senge ATH inotora kupisa panguva yekupera mvura, ichidzikisa tembiricha pazasi pekubatidza zvikumbaridzo. Kutonhora uku kunogona kunonoka kupararira kwemoto zvakanyanya.

Hybrid michina inosanganisa nzira idzi. Semuenzaniso, boron compounds inopa zvose kuumbwa kwechar uye gasi dilution, kuwedzera kunonoka kwese. Mumamiriro ekupisa kwepamusoro-soro, zvinhu zvakaita sekeramics zvinotsamira pane yakakwira kunyungudika uye yakaderera yekupisa conductivity kuramba kudzikira.

Kunzwisisa maitiro aya kunobvumira mainjiniya kuti agadzirise zvinhu zvenjodzi dzakananga, kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwakakwana munzvimbo dze1000 ° C.

 

Zvishandiso Zvinotsungirira 1000 ° C Flames

Zvishandiso zvakati wandei zvinokwanisa kushingirira moto we1000 ° C, zvichibatanidza kugadzikana kwekupisa nekuvimbika kwechimiro.

Ceramics, senge boron carbide (B4C), inopa kuomarara kwakasiyana uye kusagadzikana kwekuora kusvika ku1000 ° C, kunyangwe ichiwanzoita oxidation kupfuura izvozvo. Silicon carbide uye alumina inoshandiswa mune refractory linings yevira.

Makushe ematombo, akafanana neROCKWOOL, haabatike uye anochengetedza kuvimbika pa1000°C pasina kunyunguduka, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kuvharisa. Mineral wool akasiyana anopa mabhenefiti akafanana, ane faibha dzisingaparadzire moto.

Kongiri yakasimbiswa inoshingirira 1000°C kwenguva shoma, ine aggregates senge quartzite inosimudzira kuramba. Autoclaved aerated kongiri (semuenzaniso, Ytong) haibatike.

Simbi dzakaita sesimbi dzisina tsvina (300-series) uye nickel superalloys dzinobata kupisa kwakanyanya, iine 15-5PH yakakodzera zvinhu zvemuchadenga.

Machira epamberi, anosanganisira silica kana vermiculite-based, anopikisa kusvika 1300 ° C yegiya rekudzivirira. Zvishandiso izvi zvinosarudzwa zvichienderana nekushandiswa, nekutsvagisa kunoramba kuchivandudza miganhu yavo

 

Applications of High-Temperature Zvishandiso Zvisingatsvi

Yepamusoro-tembiricha-inodzivirira moto zvinhu zvinowana akasiyana maapplication mumaindasitiri.

Mukuvaka, vanodzivirira zvivako uye tunnel. Makushe ematombo anodzivirira madziro, nepo mapendekete akaiswa intumescent anochengetedza matanda esimbi. Concrete uye gypsum inoshandiswa mumadziro ane moto.

Aerospace inoshandisa ceramics uye superalloys yezvikamu zveinjini uye zvivharo zvekupisa, kutsungirira mamiriro akanyanya.

Motokari inovashandisa mumasisitimu emhepo uye mabhatiri, kunyanya mumotokari dzemagetsi ekudzivirira kupisa kwekutiza.

Zvikamu zvemaindasitiri senge zvidyarwa zvemagetsi uye petrochemicals zvinotsamira pane refractories yevira uye reactor. Kupisa tsvina kunoshandisa matanda ekupisa zvakanyanya.

Zvemagetsi zvinosanganisira mapurasitiki anodzoreredza moto mune wiring uye casings

Marine uye offshore zvikumbiro zvinoshandisa zvisingabatiki zvekudzivirira zvikepe nemapuratifomu.

Aya maapplication anoratidza kuenderana uye kudikanwa kwezvinhu zvakadaro munharaunda yemazuva ano.

 

Kuedzwa uye Mitemo

Kuedza kwakasimba kunovimbisa kuvimbika kwezvinhu. ASTM E119 inoongorora kuramba kwemoto nekufumura magungano kumarimi anodzorwa, kuyera nguva kusvika kukundikana.

ASTM E84 bvunzo murazvo wakapararira pamusoro penzvimbo, kurongedza zvinhu kubva Kirasi A (yakaderera kupararira) kuenda kuC.

NFPA 701 inoongorora machira ekubatidza uye kureba kwechar.

ISO zviyero, senge ISO 834, inotevedzera ma curves emoto ekuvaka zvinhu.

Aya mazinga anotungamira chitupa, kuve nechokwadi chekuteedzera makodhi ekuvaka.

 

Zvakanakira uye Zvakaipa

Zvakanakira zvinosanganisira kuchengetedzwa kwakawedzerwa, kuderedzwa kwemoto kupararira, uye kusimba. Kuipa kunosanganisira kudhura kwakanyanya, huturu hunogona kuitika (semuenzaniso, halogens), uye kuwedzera huremu mumakombisi.

 

Ramangwana Maitiro

Mafambiro enguva yemberi anosimbisa kusimba. Halogen-isina, bio-based retardants kubva ku lignin kana chitosan ari kusimuka. Nanotechnology inogonesa multifunctional coatings.

Kudzokorora uye misimboti yehupfumi hwedenderedzwa yakakosha, kunyanya kune e-kufamba . Kufambira mberi mumapolima uye macomposites anovimbisa zvinhu zvakareruka, zvinoshanda zvakanyanya.

mhedziso

Zvinhu zvinodzivirira moto zvinokwanisa kumira 1000 ° C murazvo zvakakosha pakuchengetedza. Sezvo tekinoroji ichifambira mberi, ivo vacharamba vachishanduka, vachienzanisa mashandiro nebasa rezvakatipoteredza.

Kuti uwane zvakawanda pamusoro pezvinhu zvinodzivirira moto chinhu chinodzivirira moto chinoshingirira 1000°C moto, unogona kushanyira Deepmaterial pa. https://www.adhesivesmanufacturer.com/ nokuti zvimwe info.