Kushandiswa kweThermogravimetry-Mass Spectrometry (TG-MS) Technique muPyrolysis Analysis yeMoto Retardant Materials.

Zvinhu zvinodzivirira moto anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yemazuva ano uye hupenyu hwezuva nezuva, zvichiita kuti kudzidza kwemaitiro avo epyrolysis uye nzira dzinodzosa moto kuve kwakakosha. Nzira yeTG-MS inosanganisa zvakanakira thermogravimetric analysis (TG) uye mass spectrometry (MS), zvichiita kuti chaiyo-nguva yekutarisa kuchinja kwehuwandu uye gasi chigadzirwa chekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinodzivirira moto panguva yekupisa. Izvi zvinoita kuti ive chishandiso chine simba chekuongorora zvakadzama maitiro epyrolysis uye flame retardant reaction nzira dzezvinhu zvinodzoreredza moto.

Nheyo dzeTG-MS Technique

2.1 Nheyo yeThermogravimetric Analysis (TG)

Ongororo yeThermogravimetric inzira yekuyera kushanduka kwehuwandu hwechinhu sekushanda kwetembiricha pasi pechirongwa chekudzora tembiricha. Muchidzidzo che pyrolysis ye zvinhu zvinomisa moto, sampuli inoiswa mumuenzaniso wemusero we thermogravimetric analyzer, iyo inopisa pane imwe nguva yekupisa. Sezvo tembiricha inokwira, zvinhu zvinodzoreredza moto zvinoora, kunyungudika, uye kumwe kuita, zvichiita kuti kurambe kuchichinja kwehuwandu. Iyo thermogravimetric analyzer inorekodha shanduko yakakura yesample ine tembiricha kana nguva (kureva, iyo TG curve) kuburikidza nepamusoro-chaiyo chiyero, intuitively kuratidza kugadzikana kwekupisa uye kupisa kwekuparara kwechinyorwa.

2.2 Nheyo yeMisa Spectrometry (MS)

Mass spectrometry inzira yekuparadzanisa uye yekuona maion zvichienderana nehukuru-kune-chaji reshiyo (m/z) vachishandisa misimboti yemagetsi mushure meiyo ionizing sample mamorekuru. MuMS, mamolekemu emuenzaniso anotanga ionized mune akasiyana ion mune ion sosi. Aya maion anopatsanurwa nem/z yawo mumagetsi nemagineti minda yozoonekwa ne detector. Iyo detector inoshandura zvikwangwani zveion kuita zviratidzo zvemagetsi, izvo zvinowedzerwa uye zvinogadziriswa kuti zvigadzire mashizha akawanda. Kuongorora iyo mass spectrum inobvumira kutsunga kwekuumbwa uye hukama hwemukati wezvigadzirwa zvegasi.

2.3 TG-MS Hyphenation Technique

Iyo TG-MS hyphenation technique inobatanidza thermogravimetric analyzer uye mass spectrometer kuburikidza neakakosha interface, ichibvumira zvigadzirwa zvegasi kubva kumuenzaniso pyrolysis mu thermogravimetric analyzer kuti ipinde zvakananga mu mass spectrometer kuti iongororwe. Magadzirirwo eiyo interface akakosha, sezvo anofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekufambisa nekukurumidza kwegasi zvigadzirwa kune mass spectrometer uku ichidzivirira kupindira kubva kunze kwemhepo kuti ive nechokwadi chechokwadi chemhedzisiro yekuongorora.

3. Kushandiswa kweTG-MS muKuongorora Gasi Chigadzirwa Kuumbwa Panguva yePyrolysis yeMoto Retardant Materials.

3.1 Sample Kugadzirira uye Kuedza Setup

Pamberi peTG-MS kuyedza, masampuri emidziyo inodzoreredza moto inofanirwa kuiswa muhukuru hwakakodzera (kazhinji makumi kusvika kumazana emamicrons) kuve nechokwadi chekudziya kwakafanana panguva yepyrolysis. Chiyero chakakodzera chemuenzaniso chinoiswa mumuenzaniso sero ye thermogravimetric analyzer, uye zviyero zvekuedza zvakagadzirirwa, kusanganisira chiyero chekupisa (kazhinji 5-20 ° C / min) uye tembiricha yekushisa (yakatemerwa zvichienderana nezvinhu zvenyama, kazhinji kubva muimba yekupisa kusvika ku800 ° C kana kupfuura). Kune iyo mass spectrometer, kwakakodzera ion masosi (semuenzaniso, maelectron impact ion source EI), scanning range (yakatemerwa zvichibva pam/z yezvinogoneka zvigadzirwa zvegasi), uye nzira dzekuona (semuenzaniso, full scan mode, yakasarudzwa ion monitoring mode SIM) inosarudzwa.

3.2 Hunhu uye Quantitative Ongororo yeGasi Zvigadzirwa

Munguva yekuedza, sezvo tembiricha inokwira, zvigadzirwa zvegasi kubva kupyrolysis yemidziyo inodzoreredza moto inoramba ichipinda mumisa spectrometer. Kuongororwa kwemhando yezvigadzirwa zvegasi kunoitwa nekuongorora mass spectra. Semuenzaniso, ion peak pa m/z 18 inowanzoenderana nemvura (H₂O), uye peak pa m/z 44 inogona kuenderana necarbon dioxide (CO₂) kana CO₂ inogadzirwa nekuita kwecarbon monoxide (CO) ine oxygen (O₂). Kunyatsozivikanwa kwegasi chigadzirwa kuumbwa kunowanikwa nekuenzanisa neyakajairwa mass spectral dhatabhesi.

Pakuongororwa kwehuwandu, chiyero chemukati kana chekunze nzira dzinowanzoshandiswa. Iyo yemukati mwero nzira inosanganisira kuwedzera huwandu hunozivikanwa hwemukati mwero zvinhu kune sampuli uye kuverenga zvirimo zvechigadzirwa chegasi chakanangana nekuenzanisa nzvimbo dzepamusoro kana kusimba kweyemukati mwero uye chinonangwa chigadzirwa. Iyo yekunze chiyero nzira inosanganisira kugadzirira nhevedzano yemagasi akajairwa ane anozivikanwa kutarisisa kurongera curve yakajairwa, kubva ipapo izvo zviri mukati meiyo yakanangwa gasi chigadzirwa mumuenzaniso inotemerwa zvichienderana nenzvimbo yayo yepamusoro kana kusimba.

4. Kuburitsa Murazvo Retardant Rection Pathways yeMoto Retardant Materials Kubva paTG-MS

4.1 Chikamu chePyrolysis Matanho uye Ongororo yeGasi Zvigadzirwa

Zvichienderana neTG curves uye MS data, iyo pyrolysis process yezvinhu zvinodzoreredza moto zvinogona kukamurwa mumatanho akasiyana. Padanho rekutanga, pakudzikira tembiricha, zvinhu zvacho zvinogona kuvhurika kwezvidiki-morekuru zvinowedzerwa kana kupatsanurwa kwemakemikari asina kugadzikana, achigadzira madiki-morekuru magasi akadai semethanol uye ethanol. Sezvo tembiricha inokwira, nhanho huru yepyrolysis inotanga, panguva iyo macromolecular cheni inoputika, ichigadzira huwandu hukuru hwemafuta eorganic compounds (VOCs), akadai sebenzene, toluene, uye ethylene. Pakupisa kwepamusoro, zvinhu zvacho zvinowedzera kuora, zvichiita kuburitsa magasi akadai secarbon monoxide uye carbon dioxide.

Nekuongorora kuumbwa uye zvirimo zvezvigadzirwa zvegasi pamatanho akasiyana, iyo pyrolysis reaction process yezvinhu zvinodzoreredza moto zvinogona kutaurwa. Semuyenzaniso, kana yakawanda phosphorus-ine gasi zvigadzirwa akaonekwa pakutanga pyrolysis danho, zvinogona kuratidza kuti phosphorus-based murazvo retardants anotanga kuita pazasi tembiricha, inhibiting combustion kubudikidza gas-phase flame retardant mechanism.

4.2 Chidzidzo cheAction Mechanism yeFlame Retardants

Iyo TG-MS maitiro anoratidza zvakajeka pesvedzero yemurazvo retardants pane pyrolysis process yezvinhu. Kune halogen-based flame retardants, hydrogen halide magasi anoburitswa panguva yepyrolysis, iyo inobata mahara radicals mukupisa maitiro kuvhiringa mabatiro ekupisa. Kuburikidza neTG-MS ongororo, tembiricha yekuburitsa uye huwandu hwema hydrogen halide magasi anogona kuwonekwa kuti aongorore murazvo unodzoreredza kuita nzira dzehalogen-based flame retardants.

Kune intumescent flame retardants, iyo inonyanya kuve ine acid masosi, kabhoni masosi, uye gasi masosi, iyo asidhi sosi inotanga kuora kugadzira acidic zvinhu panguva yepyrolysis, ichikurudzira kupera simba uye carbonization yekabhoni sosi kuumba char layer, nepo gasi sosi inoora kugadzira magasi anowedzera char layer. Iyo TG-MS nzira inogona kutarisa kuburitswa kwemagasi ane acidic, mhute yemvura, nitrogen, uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvegasi, zvichibva zvaratidza nzira dzemoto dzinodzoreredza maitiro uye nzira dzekubatana dzeanopisa moto.

5. Matambudziko uye Mhinduro muTG-MS Applications

5.1 Sekondari Maitikiro eGasi Zvigadzirwa

Munguva yepyrolysis, zvigadzirwa zvegasi zvinogona kuita chechipiri maitiro mupombi yekubatanidza pakati peiyo thermogravimetric analyzer uye mass spectrometer kana mune ion sosi ye mass spectrometer, zvichikonzera mutsauko pakati peyakaonekwa gasi chigadzirwa kuumbwa uye zvirimo uye mamiriro chaiwo. Kugadzirisa izvi, dhizaini yepombi yekubatanidza inogona kugadziridzwa uchishandisa yakakwirira-yekushisa-inodzivirira, inert zvinhu kuderedza nguva yekugara yezvigadzirwa zvegasi mupombi. Pamusoro pezvo, kugadzirisa iyo ion sosi ma paramita eiyo mass spectrometer (semuenzaniso, kudzikisa ion sosi tembiricha) kunogona kuderedza kuitika kwechipiri maitiro.

5.2 Ongororo yeMisanganiswa Yakaoma

Zvishandiso zvinodzivirirwa nemoto zvinowanzo kusanganiswa kwakaoma kwezvikamu zvakawanda, uye pyrolysis yavo inogadzira zvakasiyana-siyana zvegasi zvigadzirwa zvinokanganisa mumwe nemumwe, kuomesa kuongorora. Multidimensional chromatography-mass spectrometry hyphenation matekiniki (akadai seGC-MS-MS) akasanganiswa nechemometric nzira dzinogona kushandiswa kugadzirisa uye kuongorora yakaoma mass spectral data, kuvandudza kugona kuziva uye kuongorora huwandu hwegasi zvigadzirwa mumisanganiswa yakaoma.

mhedziso

Iyo thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry (TG-MS) nzira inopa yakakwana uye yakarurama yekuongorora nzira yekudzidza maitiro epyrolysis. zvinhu zvinomisa moto. Kuburikidza nehunyanzvi uhu, kuumbwa kwezvigadzirwa zvegasi panguva yepyrolysis yezvinhu zvinodzoreredza moto zvinogona kuongororwa zvakadzama, uye nzira dzavo dzemoto dzinodzoreredza nzira dzinogona kuratidzwa, zvichipa rubatsiro rwakakosha rwehunyanzvi hwekutsvagisa, kusimudzira, kuita optimization, uye murazvo unodzoreredza masisitimu zvidzidzo zvezvinhu zvinodzivirira moto. Kunyangwe zvipingamupinyi zviripo mukushandiswa kwayo, nekuenderera mberi nekuvandudzika kwehunyanzvi, TG-MS ichaita basa rinowedzera kukosha mumunda wezvinhu zvinodzivirira moto, zvichifambisa kufambira mberi nekuvandudzwa kweindasitiri yemidziyo inodzivirira moto.

Kuti uwane zvakawanda nezve mashandisirwo eiyo thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry (TG-MS) nzira mukuongorora pyrolysis yezvinhu zvinodzivirira moto, unogona kushanyira Deepmaterial pa. https://www.adhesivesmanufacturer.com/ nokuti zvimwe info.