Ndedzipi Nzira dzekuona Dzinoshandiswa Kuona Kuti Glue Inodzivirira Moto "Isina Kuchengeteka Kusina Chepfu"

 

Munharaunda yezvigadzirwa zvevana, kuchengetedzeka kunowedzera kunze kwengozi dzemuviri kusanganisa kusakwana kwemakemikari, kunyanya kune zvinhu zvakaita seglue isingapinde moto izvo vana vanogona kubata panguva yemabasa emaoko, mapurojekiti echikoro, kana kutamba. Maglue asingadziviriri moto dzakagadzirwa kuti dzimire kudzima uye kupararira kwemurazvo, kazhinji ichibatanidza zvinowedzerwa senge halogen-isina retardants, uku ichichengetedza zvivakwa zvekunamatira. Nekudaro, iyo "mwana-yakachengetedzeka isiri-chepfu" inoreva tsinhiro yakasimba kuti ive nechokwadi chekushaikwa kwezvinhu zvinokuvadza zvinogona kuisa njodzi kuburikidza nekupinza, kubata ganda, kana kufema. Izvi zvakakosha sezvo vana, vane miviri inokura, vanobatwa zvakanyanya nehuturu, izvo zvinogona kutungamira kune nyaya dzebudiriro, allergies, kana hutano hwenguva refu.

Kuongororwa kwekusina chepfu kunosanganisira nzira dzekuona dzehuwandu dzakanangana nezvinosvibisa: simbi dzinorema (semuenzaniso, lead, cadmium), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) inobuda nekukanganisa kunaka kwemweya, uye mapurasitiki anokuvadza senge phthalates anowedzera kushanduka asi anogona kukanganisa mahormone. Mitemo yakadai seConsumer Product Safety Improvement Act (CPSIA) muUnited States inorayira kuti munhu wechitatu aedze zvigadzirwa zvevana, kusanganisira zvinonamira zvinoshandiswa mumatoyi kana zvinhu zvekuchengeta vana. Saizvozvo, ASTM F963, chiyero chekuchengetedza matoyi, inotsanangura bvunzo dzeanonyungudika simbi inorema uye mamwe makemikari.

Nzira dzekuona dzinoshandisa nzira dzekuongorora dzepamusoro senge inductively yakabatanidzwa plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) yesimbi, gasi chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) yeVOCs uye phthalates, kuve nechokwadi chehuwandu chaihwo. Kuganhurirwa ukoshi, kazhinji kunoiswa pazvikamu pamiriyoni (ppm) kana magiramu parita (g/L), zvinotevedzwa kuderedza kuratidzwa. Semuenzaniso, CPSIA caps inotungamira pa100 ppm muma substrates. Ichi chinyorwa chinoongorora nzira idzi zvakadzama, maitiro adzo, zviyero zvinoshanda, uye miganhu inodiwa, kupa vagadziri, vagadzirisi, uye vabereki kuchengetedza kuchengetedza. Nekudzikisira maitiro ekuona, tinosimbisa kuti sainzi inochengetedza sei vashandisi, kuenzanisa kuramba moto nekusaita chepfu mukuumbwa kweglue.

Kunzwisisa Child-Safe Non-Toxic Glue Inodzivirira Moto

Gluu inodzivirira pamwana isina chepfu inodzivirira moto inosanganisa kunamatira, kudzoreredza kwemoto, uye muchetura wakaderera, kazhinji maumbirwo emvura akaita sepolyvinyl acetate (PVA) kana acrylics anowedzerwa neakachengeteka retardants. Aya maglue anodzivirira zvechinyakare zvinonyungudutsa zvine muchetura, kusarudza dzimwe nzira dzeeco-hushamwari kuti uwane husina chepfu. Kudzivirirwa nemoto kunopihwa kuburikidza nezvinowedzerwa senge ammonium polyphosphate, iyo inoumba chinovharira char pakudziya, pasina kukanganisa kuchengetedza.

Zita rekuti "chengetedzo yemwana" rinoenderana nemirau inotsanangura zvigadzirwa zvevana vari pasi pemakore gumi nemaviri, kusanganisira matinji ematoyi kana kushandiswa pakudzidzisa. Kusina-chepfu zvinoreva kutevedzera zvinyorwa seArt & Creative Materials Institute (ACMI) AP chisimbiso, zvichiratidza kuti hapana njodzi dzakakomba kana dzisingaperi. Kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvinodzivirira moto, zvinowedzera hazvifanire kuunza chepfu; semuenzaniso, mabrominated retardants anobviswa nekuda kwekushingirira uye nenjodzi dze bioaccumulation.

Zvakajairwa zvinosvibisa zvinosanganisira zvakasara zvinorema simbi kubva kune yakabikwa, VOCs kubva kune zvinonyungudutsa, uye phthalates kana akaiswa plastiki. Verification inovimbisa kuti aya ari pazasi pezvikumbaridzo, sezvo glues anogona kutamira kune ganda kana kumwiwa. Zvigadzirwa zvakaita seElmer's kana eco-glues zvinowanzoburitsa kutevedzera, asi kuzviyedza kuzvimiririra kwakakosha. Pakazere, aya maglues anokurudzira hunyanzvi hwekugadzira, asi zvavanotaura zvinoda kuoneswa kwakasimba kudzivirira kushambadzira kunotsausa.

 

 

Zvakakosha Kuona Zvikumbiro Zvisina Muchetura

Kuongorora "zvisina chepfu mumwana" zvichemo zvegluu isingapinde moto kwakakosha kudzivirira njodzi dzehutano. Vana vanoongorora nemuromo, vachiwedzera mikana yekudya, uko kunyange kuronda chepfu kunoungana. Misimbi inorema senge lead inokanganisa neurodevelopment, VOCs inokonzeresa nyaya dzekufema, uye phthalates inotevedzera mahormone, akabatana nezvinetso zvekubereka.

Maitiro ekudzora senge CPSIA anoraira kuyedzwa kudzikamisa zviitiko, senge ndangariro dzematoyi ane lead. Pamaglues, verification inovimbisa kuti zvinodzora moto hazviwedze chepfu, kuchengetedza kuvimbika mumashandisirwo akaita semhizha dzechikoro. Kusatevedzera kune njodzi pazvirango zvepamutemo, kusabatanidzwa pamusika, uye kusavimba nevatengi. Uyezve, inofambisa hunyanzvi kune yakasvibira maumbirwo, ichideredza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza.

Quantitative yekuona inopa chinangwa data, inogonesa kuenzanisa uye zvitupa. Vabereki vanovimba nezvichemo zvakasimbiswa zvekutenga neruzivo, nepo vadzidzisi vachiona nzvimbo dzakachengeteka. Pakupedzisira, verification inovhara kushambadzira uye chokwadi, kuchengetedza hutano hweveruzhinji.

 

 

Nzira dzekuona dzeMasimbi anorema

Masimbi anorema ari mumaglue, akadai se lead, cadmium, chromium, mercury, nemamwe, anobva mutsvina iri mu pigment kana catalysts. Nzira dzekuona dzinotarisa pane yakazara kana inonyungudika zvirimo, sezvo mafomu anonyungudika ari bioavailable.

Nzira yekutanga ndeye ICP-MS, iyo inoisa masampuli kuburikidza neplasma uye inoyera maion masses ekuonekwa kweppb-level. Kugadzirira kwemuenzaniso kunosanganisira kugaya microwave nemaasidhi senge nitric acid, pa CPSC-CH-E1001-08.3 yemutobvu mumasimbi. Izvi zvinonyungudutsa glue matrix, kusunungura simbi kuti iongororwe.

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) imwe nzira, kushandisa mwenje kunyura kuyera simbi, yakakodzera lead uye cadmium. Wavelength-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (WD-XRF) inopa kusingaparadze kuongorora, kuona masimbi epamusoro nekukurumidza.

Kune zvigadzirwa zvevana, ASTM F963 inotsanangura kubviswa kweasidhi yesimbi inonyungudika, kutevedzera mamiriro emudumbu. Mienzaniso inotorwa muHCl, inosefa, uye inoongororwa kuburikidza neICP-MS. CPSIA inoda maLab echitatu-bato kuti atevedzere.

Matanho: Unganidza anomiririra samples, homogenize, digest, calibrate zviridzwa zvine mwero, uye uverenge zvinopesana nemacurves. Hunhu hunodzora hunosanganisira blanks uye spikes. Idzi nzira dzinoita chokwadi chechokwadi, ine miganho inoraira kupasa / kukundikana.

 

 

Nzira dzekuona dzeVolatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

MaVOC mumaglue, senge toluene kana formaldehyde, anobuda kubva muzvinonyungudutsa, zvichiunza njodzi dzekufema. Nzira dzekuona dzinoita kuti zvinobuda kana zvirimo.

ASTM D2369 inoyera kushanduka kwemukati nekudziisa samples pa110 ° C kwemaminetsi makumi matanhatu, kuverenga kurasikirwa nehuremu seVOC muzana. Izvi ndezvekuputira asi zvinochinjika kune glues.

GC-MS yafambira mberi, ichishandisa headspace sampling: chisimbiso glue mumidziyo, kupisa kuburitsa VOCs, jekiseni muGC yekuparadzanisa, ipapo MS yekuzivikanwa. Thermal desorption GC-MS inobata yakaderera mazinga.

EPA Method 24 inosanganisa ASTM D2369 nemvura uye isingabhadhare zvinonyungudutsa zvigadziriso zvechokwadi zveVOC zvemukati. Zvekubuda, bvunzo dzekamuri paASTM D8141 inotevedzera chaiyo-kushandiswa, kuyera kudzika kwemhepo.

SCAQMD Method 316A inoshandisa GC kune chaiwo adhesives. Matanho: Gadzirira samples, calibrate nezviyero, ongorora replicates. Pamaglue anochengetedza vana, maumbirwo e-low-VOC anoedzwa kuti asimbise zvichemo.

 

 

Nzira dzekuona dzePlasticizers dzinokuvadza

Plasticizers anokuvadza, kunyanya phthalates seDEHP, DBP, anowedzerwa kuti ashanduke asi anorambidzwa muzvinhu zvevana nekuda kwekukanganiswa kwe endocrine.

GC-MS post-extraction ndiyo yakajairwa: Bvisa nezvinonyungudutsa sehexane, simbisa, jekiseni muGC-MS yekuparadzanisa uye quantification. CPSC Method CPSC-CH-C1001-09.4 inodonongodza izvi kune phthalates.

Ultrasonic kana Soxhlet extraction inonyungudutsa glue, inoteverwa nekuchenesa kuburikidza nechakasimba-chikamu chekubvisa.

HPLC-MS inopa imwe nzira yepolar phthalates. Kuongorora kunoshandisa FTIR kuvapo, asi quantification inoda chromatography.

CPSIA inoda kuyedzwa sere phthalates mumatoyi uye zvinyorwa zvekuchengeta vana. Matanho: Homogenize samples, bvisa, ongorora nezviyero zvemukati, simbisa kupora> 80%. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti miganhu yazadzikiswa.

 

 

Mitemo Yetsika Zvinofanira Kuitwa

Kuganhurirwa ukoshi hunovimbisa kuchengeteka, kusiyanisa nezvinhu uye mirairo.

Kwesimbi inorema pasi peCPSIA: Tungamira ≤100 ppm mu substrates, ≤90 ppm mumapende; cadmium kazhinji ≤75 ppm soluble per ASTM F963. Mercury ≤60 ppm, chromium ≤60 ppm soluble.

VOCs: Hapana federal-specific child-specific limit, asi pasi-VOC glues target <50 g/L per Green Seal; California inomisa zvinonamira kusvika pa50-250 g/L zvichienderana nerudzi.

Phthalates: CPSIA inorambidza >0.1% (1000 ppm) imwe neimwe yeDEHP, DBP, BBP, DINP, DIBP, DPENP, DHEXP, DCHP muzvigadzirwa zvevana.

ASTM F963 inogadzirisa miganhu inogadziriswa: Antimony ≤60 ppm, arsenic ≤25 ppm. Kuteerera kunoda zvese zviri pasi pezvikumbaridzo.

 

 

Maitiro ekuitisa Verification Miedzo

Ita bvunzo mumarabhu akatenderwa: Sarudza CPSC-inotenderwa zvivakwa. Gadzirira sampuli pazviyero, ita zvinyorwa / digestion, ongorora nezviridzwa zvine calibrated. Gwaro rinoburitsa zvitupa. Kana yadarika miganhu, gadzirisa. Periodic kuyedzwa kunovimbisa kuenderera mberi kwekuteerera.

mhedziso

Kuona kuti kwete-chepfu mumwana-akachengeteka glue isingadziviriri moto kuburikidza nenzira dzakaita seICP-MS, GC-MS, uye kutevedzera CPSIA/ASTM miganhu inochengetedza hutano. Iyi nzira yakaoma inosimudzira kuvimba uye hunyanzvi mune zvigadzirwa zvakachengeteka.

Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve nzira dzekuongorora dzinoshandiswa kuona kuti glue isingadziviriri pamoto i "Child-Safe Non-Toxic", unogona kushanyira Deepmaterial pa. https://www.adhesivesmanufacturer.com/ nokuti zvimwe info.